dringen
to penetrate or seep through
- Past (Präteritum)
- drang
- Past participle
- gedrungen (sein)
This verb describes physical movement through something. It is a strong verb with the vowel change i-a-u. When used in the sense of 'insisting' (auf etwas dringen), it can also take haben, but in the context of entering a room, sein is strictly required as it indicates change of position or state of location transition. The compound aufdringen is reflexive in common use (sich aufdringen). While 'dringen' is often used to describe light, wind, or sound entering, its compounds are very frequent in German vocabulary ranging from 'erzwingen' to 'eindringen'. Dringen is rarely used in the simple form without a prepositional phrase, especially in formal writing or descriptions of physical phenomena like sound or light filtering into a room or location, as seen in the article context where the breeze penetrates the room through the door gap (durch den Türspalt drang). Note that the past participle changes to 'gedrungen' and requires the auxiliary 'sein' for this usage. The compound 'vordringen' is also very common in geographical or military contexts. Note that 'dringen' is etymologically related to 'drängen' (to push), but 'dringen' specifically implies reaching or entering a space, whereas 'drängen' implies pressure, haste, or forced movement.
Conjugation
Present
- dringt
- present, singular, third-person
- dringe
- first-person, indicative, present, singular
- dringen
- first-person, indicative, plural, present
- dringst
- indicative, present, second-person, singular
Past
- drang
- past
- drangen
- first-person, indicative, plural, preterite
- drangst
- indicative, preterite, second-person, singular
- drangt
- indicative, plural, preterite, second-person
Subjunctive
- dränge
- past, subjunctive
- dringe
- first-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i
- dringen
- first-person, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i
- dringest
- second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i
- dringet
- plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i
- drängen
- first-person, formal, plural, rare, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii
- drängest
- formal, rare, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii
- drängst
- formal, rare, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii
- dränget
- formal, plural, rare, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii
- drängt
- formal, plural, rare, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii
- habe gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, subjunctive
- sei gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, subjunctive
- haben gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, subjunctive
- seien gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, subjunctive
- habest gedrungen
- multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive
- seist gedrungen
- multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive
- seiest gedrungen
- multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive
- habet gedrungen
- multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive
- seiet gedrungen
- multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive
- hätte gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive
- wäre gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive
- hätten gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive
- wären gedrungen
- first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive
- hättest gedrungen
- multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive
- wärst gedrungen
- multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive
- wärest gedrungen
- multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive
- hättet gedrungen
- multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive
- wärt gedrungen
- multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive
- wäret gedrungen
- multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive
- werde dringen
- first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i
Imperative
- dring
- imperative, second-person, singular
- dringe
- imperative, second-person, singular
- dringt
- imperative, plural, second-person
Participle
- gedrungen
- participle, past
- dringend
- participle, present
Infinitive
- dringen
- infinitive
Other
- habe gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular
- bin gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular
- haben gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural
- sind gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural
- hast gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular
- bist gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular
- habt gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person
- seid gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person
- hat gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, third-person
- ist gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, third-person
- hatte gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular
- war gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular
- hatten gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural
- waren gedrungen
- first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural
- hattest gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular
- warst gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular
- hattet gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person
- wart gedrungen
- indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person
- dringen werden
- future, future-i, infinitive, multiword-construction
- werde dringen
- first-person, future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, singular
- werden dringen
- first-person, future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural
- wirst dringen
- future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular
- werdet dringen
- future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person
- wird dringen
- future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, singular, third-person
- gedrungen haben werden
- future, future-ii, infinitive, multiword-construction
- gedrungen sein werden
- future, future-ii, infinitive, multiword-construction
- werde gedrungen haben
- first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, singular
- werde gedrungen sein
- first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, singular
- werden gedrungen haben
- first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural
- werden gedrungen sein
- first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural